What is a cataract?

When the lens within your eye becomes cloudy and opaque, it is called a cataract. Cataracts vary from extremely small areas of cloudiness to large opaque areas that cause a noticeable blurring of vision. Cataracts usually develop in both eyes, but often at different rates.

Who gets cataracts?

Cataracts happen with aging and are most often found in people over the age of 60, although they are also occasionally found in younger people, including newborns. If a child is born with a cataract, it is referred to as a congenital cataract.

What causes cataracts?

Cataracts are the result of aging. Over time, changes occur within your eyes that cause the lenses to become cloudy. It may also be hereditary. 

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (present in sunlight), cigarette smoke, certain systemic conditions, or the use of certain medications are also risk factors for the development of cataracts. 

Can cataracts be prevented?

Currently, there is no method for preventing cataracts. Wearing sunglasses is a tremendous benefit as they protect your lens from harmful UV rays, which can speed up cataract formation. A diet rich in antioxidants (such as Vitamins A, C, E, Zinc Selenium & Magnesium) can be beneficial.

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Blurred or hazy vision could indicate that a cataract may be forming. A temporary change in distance and/or near vision may also occur. An increased sensitivity to glare, especially at night, may be experienced. Cataracts develop without pain or redness.

How are cataracts diagnosed?

A comprehensive eye exam by a Doctor of Optometry can determine if you have a cataract forming.

How are cataracts treated?

In the early stages of a cataract, where vision is only minimally affected, your optometrist can prescribe new lenses for your glasses to give you the sharpest vision possible. 

When the cataracts start to interfere with your daily activities and glasses cannot improve this vision, your optometrist will refer you to an ophthalmologist (eye surgeon) who may recommend the surgical removal of the cataracts.

When will I need to have cataracts removed?

Cataracts may develop slowly over many years or they may form rapidly in a matter of months. Some cataracts never progress to the point where they need to be removed. When a change in glasses can no longer provide functional vision, your Doctor of Optometry will arrange a consultation with a cataract surgeon.

What happens after cataract surgery?

The old cloudy lens is removed and an intraocular lens implant, inserted in your eye at the time of surgery, serves as a new lens. Your Doctor of Optometry will prescribe new lenses for your glasses about four to six weeks after surgery to maximise your distance and near vision. Before surgery, your Doctor of Optometry may recommend lens implant options with new “specialised” intraocular lenses designed to minimise your need for glasses following the surgery.